Medicinal Chemistry

Medicinal chemistry, also known as pharmaceutical chemistry, is a multidisciplinary field of science that combines principles of chemistry, biology, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics to discover, design, develop, and analyze compounds and drugs for therapeutic use. The primary goal of medicinal chemistry is to create safe and effective medications to treat diseases and improve human health.

Books Reviews:

Dr Nitya Anand of the Central Drug Research Institute noted about the revised book, '..........is now a well accepted classic textbook for pharmacy students.................the present edition is thoroughly revised 2nd edition (2012) of the book ..............reading of the book has been very enjoyable.................a classic to read..........'

Research Papers:

1956:

  • N. K. Basu and Harkishan Singh, Investigation of Orthosiphon pallidus Royle I, J. Am. Pharm. Assoc., Sci. Ed., 45, 595 (1956)
  • N. K. Basu and Harkishan Singh, Investigation of Orthosiphon pallidus Royle II, J. Am. Pharm. Assoc., Sci. Ed., 45, 598 (1956)

1961:

  • N. J. Doorenbos and Harkishan Singh, 3,6-Diaza-A,B-bishomo-5α-cholestane-4,7-dione, J .Pharm. Sci., 50, 628 (1961)

1962:

  • N. J. Doorenbos and Harkishan Singh, Preparation of Azasteroids from Cholestenone and Progesterone, J. Pharm. Sci., 51, 418 (1962)

1966:

  • Harkishan Singh and V. V. Parashar, 3,17a-Diaza-A,D-bishomoandrost-4a-ene-4,17-dione, Tetrahedron Letters, 983 (1966)
  • Harkishan Singh and B. Razdan, Resolution of (±)-Tropinone Oxime, Tetrahedron Letters, 3243 (1966)

1967:

  • Harkishan Singh, S. Padmanabhan, A. K. Bose and I. Kugajevsky, The Schmidt Reaction with 4-Cholestene-3,6-dione, Chem. Ind. (London), 118 (1967)
  • Harkishan Singh and S. Padmanabhan, 3,7a-Diaza-A,B-bishomocholest-4a-ene-4,7-dione, Tetrahedron Letters, 3689 (1967)

1968:

  • Harkishan Singh and V. V. Parashar, Synthesis of 3,17a-Diaza-A,D-bishomoandrost-4a-ene-4,17-dione,Indian J. Chem., 6, 552 (1968)
  • Harkishan Singh, V. V. Parashar and T. K. Kaw, Degradation of 3-Aza-A-homo-22ß-spirost-4a-en-4-one to 3-Aza-A-homoandrost-4a-ene-4,17-dione, Steroids, 12, 577 (1968)
  • Harkishan Singh and B. Razdan, Studies on Tropinone Oxime, Indian. J. Chem., 6, 568 (1968)

1969:

  • Harkishan Singh and S. Padmanabhan, Some 5-En-7-ones and 7a-Aza-B-homo-5-en-7-ones in Spirostan, Androstane and Pregnane Series, Indian J. Chem., 7 , 1084 (1969)
  • Harkishan Singh and A. S. Chawla, Isolation of Erysodine, Erysotrine and Hypaphorine from Erythrina suberosa Roxb. Seeds, Experientia, 25, 785 (1969)

1970:

  • Harkishan Singh and A. S. Chawla, Investigation of Erythrina Spp.III: Chemical Constituents of Erythrina suberosa Roxb. Seeds, J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 1179 (1970)
  • Harkishan Singh and A. S. Chawla, Investigation of Erythrina Spp. IV: Study of the Chemical Constituents of Seeds of Erythrina variegata var. orientalis, Planta Medica, 19, 71 (1970)
  • Harkishan Singh and V. V. Parashar, 4,17a-Diaza-D-homo-androstane Lactams, A New Hetero-steroid System, Chemical Communications, 522 (1970)

1970:

  • Harkishan Singh and A. S. Chawla, Investigation of Erythrina Spp. V. Study of Erythrina suberosa Leaves,Planta Medica, 19, 378 (1971)
  • Harkishan Singh, R. B. Mathur, N. J. Doorenbos, A. K. Bose and S. D. Sharma, 6-Aza-B-homo-cholestane-3,7-dione and Some Derivatives, Tetrahedron, 27, 3993 (1971)

1972:

  • Harkishan Singh and S. Padmanabhan, 3,7a-Diaza-A,B-bishomo-4a-ene-4,7-dione Azasteroid System and Related Studies, Indian J. Chem., 10, 355 (1972)
  • Harkishan Singh, R. B. Mathur and P. P. Sharma, 3-Aza-A-homo-4a-eno[3,4-d]tetrazole Steroid Analogues,J. Chem. Soc. Perkin I, 990 (1972)
  • Harkishan Singh,. S. Padmamabhan, A. K. Bose and I. Kugajevsky, Products of the Schmidt Reaction with Cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin I, 993 (1972)

1973:

  • Harkishan Singh, D. Paul and V. V. Parashar, 4,17a-Diaza-D-homosteroids, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin I, 1204 (1973)
  • Harkishan Singh, P. P. Sharma and R. B. Mathur, Some 4-Azaspirostan Analogues and Related Studies,Indian J. Chem., 11, 1254 (1973)
  • *I. G. Marshall, D. Paul and Harkishan Singh, Some Actions of 4,17a-Dimethyl-4,17a-diaza-D-homo-5α-androstane Dimethiodide (HS-342), A New Neuromuscular Blocking Drug, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 25, 441 (1973)
  • *I. G. Marshall, D. Paul and Harkishan Singh, The Neuromuscular and Other Blocking Actions of 4,17a-Dimethyl-4,17a-diaza-D-homo-5α-androstane Dimethiodide (HS-342) in the Anaesthetized Cat, European J. Pharmacol., 22, 129 (1973).
  • Harkishan Singh, R. K. Malhotra, and V. V. Parashar, Azido-nitrile Formation in Schmidt Reaction and its Thermal Cyclisation to a Tetrazole, Tetrahedron Letters, 2587 (1973)
  • Harkishan Singh and V. K. Kapoor, Investigation of Strychnos Spp. I. Study of the Seed Oil of Strychnos potatorum, Lloydia, 36, 357 (1973)

1974:

  • *Harkishan Singh and D. Paul, Chandonium Iodide (17a-Methyl-3β-pyrrolidino-17a-aza-D-homo-androst-5-ene Dimethiodide) and Other Quatenary Ammonium Steroid Analogues, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin I, 1475 (1974)
  • * A. Gandiha, I. G. Marshall, D. Paul and Harkishan Singh, Neuromuscular and Other Blocking Actions of a New Series of Mono and Bis Quaternary Azasteroids, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 26, 871 (1974)
  • Harkishan Singh, R. K. Malhotra and N. K. Luhadiya, Tetrazoles from Progresterone and 7-Oxocholest-5-en-3β-yl Acetate, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin I, 1480 (1974)

1975:

  • * A. Gandiha, I. G. Marshall, D. Paul, I. W. Rodger, W. Scott and Harkishan Singh, Some Actions of Chandonium Iodide, a New Short-acting Muscle Relaxant, in Anaesthetized Cats and on Isolated Muscle Preparations, Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 2, 159 (1975)
  • Harkishan Singh, A. S. Chawla, A. K. Jindal, A. H. Connor and J. W. Rowe, Investigation of Erythrina Spp. VII. Chemical Constituents of Erythrina variegata var. orientalis Bark, Lloydia, 38, 97 (1975)
  • Harkishan Singh, V. K. Kapoor, J. D. Phillipson and N. G. Bisset, Diaboline from Strychnos potatorum, Phytochemistry, 14, 587 (1975)
  • Harkishan Singh, R. K. Malhotra and V. V. Parashar, Novel Cleavage of 17-Oxosteroid in Schmidt Reaction and Thermal Cyclization of the Resultant Azido Nitrile to Tetrazole, Indian J. Chem., 13, 761 (1975)
  • Harkishan Singh, D. Paul, R. K. Malhotra and T. R. Bhardwaj, Thin-Layer Chromatography of Some Lactam, Tetrazole, Basic, and Quaternary Azasteroids, J. Chromatogr., 114, 270 (1975).
  • Harkishan Singh and R. K. Malhotra, Some Steroidal Tetrazoles, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin I, 1404 (1975)
  • Harkishan Singh, V. K. Kapoor and M. S. Manhas, Investigation of Strychnos Spp. III. Study of Triterpenes and Steroids of Strychnos potatorum Seeds, Planta Medica, 28, 392 (1975)

1976:

  • Harkishan Singh, K. K. Bhutani and L. R. Gupta, Further Studies on the Schmidt Reaction with Cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin I, 1210 (1976)

1977:

  • M. A. Mazid, R. A. Palmer, Harkishan Singh and D. Paul, The Crystal Structure and Stereochemistry of 17a-Methyl-3β-pyrrolidinyl-17a-aza-D-homo-5-androstene (HS-309), Acta Crystallographica, B33, 3641 (1977)
  • Harkishan Singh, D. Paul, T. R. Bhardwaj, K. K. Bhutani and Jaishi Ram, Thin-layer Chromatography of Some Steroid Ketones, Oximes and Lactams, J. Chromatogr., 137, 202 (1977)
  • Harkishan Singh, T. R. Bhardwaj and D. Paul, Schmidt Reaction with 3β-Acetoxypregn-5-ene-7, 20-dione, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin I, 1987 (1977)

1978:

  • Harkishan Singh, K. K. Bhutani, R. K. Malhotra and D. Paul, 7a-Aza-B-homo-[7a,7-d] tetrazole Analogues of Progesterone and Testosterone, Experientia, 34, 557 (1978)

1979:

  • *Harkishan Singh, T. R. Bhardwaj, N. K. Ahuja and D. Paul, 17a-Methyl-3β-(N-pyrrolidinyl)-17a-aza-D-homo-androstane Bis(methiodide) (Dihydrochandonium Iodide) and Certain Other Analogues of Chandonium Iodide, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin I, 305 (1979)
  • *P. Teerapong, I. G. Marshall, A. L. Harvey, Harkishan Singh, D. Paul, T. R. Bhardwaj and N. K. Ahuja, The Effects of Dihydrochandonium and Other Chandonium Analogues on Neuromuscular and Autonomic Transmission, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 31, 521 (1979)
  • *Harkishan Singh, T. R. Bhardwaj and D. Paul, A Chandonium Iodide Analogue Possessing an Acetylcholine-like Moiety, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin I, 2451 (1979)
  • Harkishan Singh, K. K. Bhutani, R. K. Malhotra and D. Paul, 7a-Aza-B-homo-[7a,7-d] tetrazole Analogues of Progesterone and Testosterone, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin I, 3166 (1979)

1980:

  • *R. A. Palmer, M. A. Kalam, Harkishan Singh and D. Paul, Structure and Function of Synthetic Bisquatenary Neuromuscular Blocking Agents, J. Cryst. Mol. Str., 10, 31 (1980)

1981:

  • Harkishan Singh, A. S. Chawla, V. K. Kapoor and J. Kumar, Investigation of Erythrina Spp. X. Chemical Constituents of Erythrina blakei Bark, Planta Medica, 41, 101 (1981)
  • J. Hussain, R. A. Palmer, Harkishan Singh, T. R. Bhardwaj and D. Paul, The Structure of Tetrazole Steroid Analogues I. The Structure of -(5-Methyltetrazol-1-yl)-7a-aza-B-homoandrost-5-eno[7a,7-d]tetrazol-3β-yl Acetate (HS-665), Acta Cryst., B37, 205 (1981)
  • *I. G. Marshall, A. L. Harvey, Harkishan Singh, T. R. Bhardwaj and D. Paul, The Neuromuscular and Autonomic Blocking Effects of Azasteroids Containing Choline or Acetylcholine Fragments, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 33, 451 (1981)

1982:

  • V. Gombar, V. K. Kapoor and Harkishan Singh, De novo Calculations on Antilipemic Activity of 4-(4-Chlorobenzyl)phenoxyacetic Acid Esters, Arzneim. Forsch., 32, 7 (1982)
  • Harkishan Singh and D. Paul, 17-Hydroxy-17α-methyl-androstano[3,4-c]-1', 2', 5'-oxadiazoles, Chem. Ind.(London), 329 (1982)
  • Harkishan Singh, D. Paul, T. R. Bhardwaj, A. K. Chaudhary and R. K. Gupta, Thin-layer Chromatography of Some Azasteroids, J. Chromatogr., 240, 264 (1982)
  • J. Hussain, I. J. Tickle, R. A. Palmer, Harkishan Singh, T. R. Bhardwaj and D. Paul, The Structure of 17a-Methyl-3β-pyrrolidinyl-17a-aza-D-homo-5α-androstane (HS-691), Acta Cryst., B38, 130 (1982)
  • J. Hussain, I. J. Tickle, R. A. Palmer, Harkishan Singh and K. K. Bhutani, The Structure of Tetrazole Steroid Analogues. II. The Structure of 3,6-Diaza-A,B-bishomocholest-4a-eno- [3,4-d][6,7-d]bistetrazole (HS-650) Monohydrate, Acta Cryst., B38, 2845 (1982)
  • A. I. El-Shora, R. A. Palmer, Harkishan Singh, T. R. Bhardwaj and D. Paul, The Crystal and Molecular Structure of 17a-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3β-pyrrolidino-17a-aza-D-homo-5-androstene dimethiodide (HS-626), J. Cryst. Spect. Res., 12, 255 (1982)

1983:

  • J. Hussain, I. J. Tickle, R. A. Palmer, Harkishan Singh and K. K. Bhutani, The Structure of 4,6-Diaza-A,B-bishomochloest-4a-eno[4,3-d][6,7-d]bistetrazole (HS-649), Acta Cryst., C39, 297 (1983)
  • V. Gombar, V. K. Kapoor and Harkishan Singh, Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships: Antiinflammatory Activity of Salicylic Acid Derivatives, Arzneim. Forsch., 33, 1226 (1983)

1984:

  • A. I. El-Shora, R. A. Palmer, Harkishan Singh, T. R. Bhardwaj and D. Paul, Crystal and Molecular Structures of 17a-(2-hydroxyethyl) 3α- and 3β-pyrrolidino-17a-aza-D-homo-5-androstenes: HS-625 form 1, (3α-pyrrolidino) and HS-625 form 2 (mixed-3α and 3β-pyrrolidino epimers), J. Cryst. Spect. Res., 14, 89 (1984)
  • A. I. El-Shora, R. A. Palmer, Harkishan Singh and D. Paul, The Role of X-ray Crystallography in Drug Design: Identification of the Two Isomers 17α-Hydroxy-17β-methyl-5 (α and β)-androstano[3, 4-c]-1', 2', 5'-oxadiazole (HS-804 and HS-805), J. Cryst. Spect. Res., 14, 315 (1984)

1985:

  • D. Paul, M. R. Yadav, R. K. Sharma, V. R. Agarwal and Harkishan Singh, 5ξ-Pregnano[3,4-c]-1',2',5'-oxadiazoles, Indian J. Chem., 24B, 1 (1985)
  • *A. K. Chaudhary, V. K. Gombar and Harkishan Singh, Molecular Orbital Calculations on Some Neuromuscular Blocking Azasteroids, Indian J. Chem., 24B, 2 (1985)
  • *Harkishan Singh and A. K. Chaudhary, Pharmacokinetics and Disposition of Chandonium Iodide in Rat,Indian J. Exp. Biol., 23, 253 (1985)
  • *Harkishan Singh and A. K. Chaudhary, Pharmacokinetics and Disposition of Chandonium Iodide in Monkey, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 23, 258 (1985)
  • *Harkishan Singh and A. K. Chaudhary, Protein Binding Studies with Chandonium Iodide, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 23, 262 (1985)
  • *Harkishan Singh and A. K. Chaudhary, Assay, Formulation and Stability of Chandonium Iodide, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 23, 265 (1985)
  • *Harkishan Singh and A. K. Chaudhary, Spectro-fluorimetric Assay of Chandonium Iodide, Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 47, 113 (1985)
  • Harkishan Singh, M. R. Yadav, S. P. Garg, R. K. Sharma and D. Paul, Steroidal [3,4-c]-1', 2', 5'-oxadiazoles, Heterocycles, 23, 2931 (1985)

1986:

  • T. K. Chattopadhyay, R. A. Palmer, Harkishan Singh and D. Paul, Crystal and Molecular Structure of 17a-(2-acetoxyethyl)-17a-aza-D-homo-5-androsten-3β-yl acetate methiodide (HS-465), a monoquaternary azasteroid incorporating an acetylcholine-like moiety, J. Cryst. Spect. Res., 16, 233 (1986)

1987:

  • T. K. Chattopadhayay, J. N. Lisgarten, R. A. Palmer, Harkishan Singh and R. K. Malhotra, Structure of Tetrazole Steroid Analogues IV : Structure of 7a-aza-B-homocholest-5-eno[7a,7-d]tetrazol--yl acetate (HS-503), J. Cryst. Spect. Res., 17, 51 (1987)

1988:

  • *T. R. Bhardwaj, S. Kapoor, C. C. Shekhar, D. P. Jindal and Harkishan Singh, Potential Azasteroidal Neuromuscular Blockers, Indian J. Chem., 27B, 209 (1988)
  • *Harkishan Singh, R. K. Gupta and T. R. Bhardwaj, Chandonium Related Azasteroidal Neuromuscular Blockers, Indian J. Chem., 27B, 508 (1988)

1992:

  • D. P Jindal, S. K. Saxena and Harkishan Singh, Some Potential Azasteroidal Neuromuscular Blocking Agents, Indian J. Chem., 31B, 264 (1992)
  • *J. Abraham, D. P. Jindal, Harkishan Singh, G. K. Patnaik and R. C. Srimal, Some More of Neuromuscular Blocking Chandonium Relations, Indian J. Chem., 31B, 566 (1992)
  • *M. Kumar, S. K. Bhatia, T. R. Bhardwaj, Harkishan Singh, G. K. Patnaik and B. N. Dhawan, 3-(2-Dialkylaminoethoxy)-17a-methyl-17a-aza-D-homo-1,3,5(10)-estratriene Dimethiodide, Eur. J. Med. Chem.,27, 967 (1992)

1993:

  • *J. Abraham, D. P. Jindal, Harkishan Singh, G. K. Patnaik and R. C. Srimal, Certain New Azasteroidal Bisquaternary Neuromuscular Blockers, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 28, 231 (1993)

1994:

  • *Harkishan Singh, Discovery of Chandonium, J. Anaesthesiol. Clin. Pharmacol., 10, 111 (1994)

Books:

1982:

  • Harkishan Singh and V. K. Kapoor, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi, 1982; revised in 1987, 1991, 1994, 2000

1985:

  • Harkishan Singh, Amrik Singh Chawla and V. K. Kapoor, Medicinal Chemistry Research in India, National Information Centre for Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 1985

1996:

  • Harkishan Singh and V. K. Kapoor, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi, 1996; revised in 2005, 2012